![]() ![]() Roberts, A., Smyth, D.: The development of a dual touch sensory system in embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Roberts, A., Hayes, B.P.: The anatomy and function of ‘free’ nerve endings in an amphibian skin sensory system. Roberts, A., Blight, A.R.: Anatomy, physiology and behavioural role of sensory nerve endings in the cement gland of embryonic Xenopus. Roberts, A.: Pineal eye and behaviour in Xenopus tadpoles. Roberts, A.: Mechanisms for the excitation of ‘free nerve endings ’. Roberts, A.: The role of propagated skin impulses in the sensory system of young tadpoles. Nieuwkoop, P.D., Faber, J.: Normal tables of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). Nicholls, J.G., Baylor, D.A.: Specific modalities and receptive fields of sensory neurons in CNS of the leech. Matthews, G., Wickelgren, W.O.: Trigeminal sensory neurons of the Sea Lamprey. Martin, A.R., Wickelgren, W.O.: Sensory cells in the spinal cord of the sea lamprey. Magni, F., Pellegrino, M.: Neural mechanisms underlying the segmentai and generalized shortening reflexes in the leech. Hunt, C.C., McIntyre, A.K.J.: An analysis of fibre diameter and receptor characteristics of myelinated cutaneous afferent fibres in cat. Hunt, C.C., McIntyre, A.K.J.: Properties of cutaneous touch receptors in cat. Gray, J., Sand, A.: Spinal reflexes in the Dogfish, Scyllium canicula. Gray, J., Lissmann, H.W., Pumphrey, R.J.: The mechanism of locomotion in the leech ( Hirudo medicinalis Ray). Gallien, L., Bidaud, O.: Table chronologique du développement chez Triturus helveticus Razonmowsky. 88, 168–177 (1954)Ĭorner, M.: Rhythmicity in the early swimming anuran larvae. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1973Ĭambar, R., Marrot, Br.: Table chronologique du développement de la grenouille agile ( Rana dalmatina Bon.). The division of the somatosensory system in Xenopus embryos into two subsystems with different sensitivities and inhibitory, or excitatory effects on behaviour is discussed and related to findings in other groups of animals.īurgess, P.R., Perl, E.R.: Cutaneous mechanoreceptors and nociceptors. Stimuli which excited the rapid-transient detectors normally evoked swimming. They would stop swimming and responses to other excitatory stimuli. In Xenopus embryos stimuli which only excite the movement detectors were found to have inhibitory effects on behaviour. The areas for the two types were similar (means of 0.015 mm 2 for rapid-transient and 0.017 mm 2 for movement).Ĭomparative observations on embryos of Rana temporaria and Triturus helveticus showed a very similar division of trigeminal sensory neurones into two types. Receptive fields over the whole head surface as far back as the gill rudiments were plotted for both types of neurone. Two types of mechanosensory neurones were found: Rapid-transient detectors which responded with few impulses to rapid, local, indentation of the skin with a fine probe (10–25 μm diameter), and Movement detectors which responded with a slowly adapting discharge to even very slow distortion of the skin (5 μm The properties of trigeminal ganglion sensory neurones innervating the head skin of late Xenopus laevis embryos have been studied using extracellular recordings. ![]()
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